INTRODUCTION_OF_CPUBOX

Central Process Unit(CPU) or cashing:-

    It is main part of the computer which is operated the any system(computer) without CPU computer never boot so that it is main point for the computer which is working from the three process and it's process is very advance and difficult . Under the CPU there are very sub parts which name is divided in the many name and it's work is very complex.

   in the present time many CPU are presented they are produced according to people demanded and it's structure and another function are also difference and they are providing the effective types of the servicing to the people in the world.

 *working process of the CPU:-

*receive:-it takes any matters from the operator and working process is depended on the receiver massage

* give:-it gives the result to the operator according  to receiver massage and output result is depended on the operator's questions

*take and give:- it takes and gives the services from the user.

*power bottom:- it is operated the computer and it is opening and closing the system.

*reset bottom:- it is done the restart to the system.

*power switch:-it is indicator switch which is indicated the the computer on,off and internal function time. 

*Parts Of The CPU

hard disk:-it is stored all programming software which is booted the system.In the market many types of the hard disk are available which is divided in the many measurement .Every hard disk's skill is depended in their measurement and each year new type of the the hardware is come in the market which is depended in the customer's demanded and their ability so that is must important part of the CPU without hard ware computer can never operate.It is connected with the mother board from the cable

*measurement of the hard disk capacity :-

          8 bites                                              1 byte

             1024 bytes                                        1 kilo byte(Kb)

             1024 kilo bytes                                  1 mega byte(Mb)

             1024 mega bytes                               1  gig a byte (GB)     

             1024 gig a bytes                                1 Tera byte(Tb)

      In the present time operators are getting the gig a bytes(GB)  measurement hard disk which is divided in the difference name which name is depended in the measurement .Example 20 GB hard disk,40 GB hard disk,80 GB hard disk,160 GB hard disk etc.

mother board :-  it is mother of the all internal hardware parts of the CPU which is stored the all next hard ware parts from the slate and many cable which is operated according to mother board's rule. without bother board they can never do the any the function so that mother board's presented is next hard ware's presented.

     in the starting period system is displayed the some software in the monitor which is shown about the all next hard ware condition from the bios setup.it is getting the many types of the mother board which is depended on the market and it's structure and properties are also changing in the market and new technology is got according to the demand.

Structure of the mother board

      

mother board's CPU:-it is connected in the mother board and it is given the signal to the mother board for  starting and stopping.In the CPU there are many pin and pin less which is connected in the some place slate and it is main and sensitive  part of the mother board's.

 it's measurement ed is MHz which is defined in the many number.Example:- 500 MHz,600 MHz etc.

 

CPU'S FAN:- it is fan of the CPU which is controlled the power of the electric and it is helped the CPU for doing the function.It is important equipment of the CPU which is covered the CPU and saved it from the high voltage of the electric.

 

 Ram memory:- it is primary memory of the CPU which is main remembered part of the System without memory computer never boot and every function is starting from the memory's power which is divided in the many measurement and computer's power  speed is also depended in the memory's power.

  it's measurement is just like for hard disk which is defined in the many measurement's name

 Example:- 256 Mb, 512 Mb, 1 GB,2 GB etc.

*CD/DVD ROM READ AND WRITE(R/W) DRIVE:-It is transferred the data from the cd and  dvd card from the one computer into another computer and it is used to install the any software in the computer so that it is most important part of the CPU BOX.

 *POWER SUPPLY:-It is supplied the electric power in the CPU BOX which is most important parts of the computer for the supplying the power.

*DATA AND ELECTRIC CABLE:- It is transferred the data and transferred the power under the CPU BOX from the one part into another part.

*POWER,RESET AND MANY BUTTON:-It is switched bottom which is used to do the function on and off.

 

INTRODUCTION_OF_THE_COMPUTER

FUNDAMENTAL OF THE COMPUTER

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Introduction:-

            Computer are becoming an intergral part of our everyday life.The popularity and use of computer is increasing day by day.The computers were very expensive and only used by scientists and engineers for research and development during 1960’s.It was used for process control in big induring 1970’s.But,after the development of personal computers(PC),the size and price of the computer decreased dramatically.So,the computers became affordable and available for personal use in home and offices.From 1990’s ,a new techonology that includes fast processing of information and transmitting that information from one place of world to another.Owing to the techonology,a person sitting at one corner of a globle can receive any information from other very fast and with ease.The moderd is combining communication Techology to IT,giving a new dimention commonly known as information and communication Techonogy (ICT).

            The development of the Internet and world wide web(wwb)has helped a lot to increase the use of computer.Nowdays,computer are used for all sort of activities and applications such as teaching,launching rockets,weather forecasting,banking and so on.

   

       computer is electronic device which is doing multiple types works in the any field with the easily and which is using for effective works in the multiple field .In the present time without computer any field won't be successfully with the 100%it is most advance type of the scientific machine which is done the all function of the any people of the world which is working from the self memory and it is known about the all tense(present tense,past tense and future tense) .In the present  time computer is most popular and closely  friend of the people and it is used in the any time and it is self device for the general people in the fut er without  computer people can't do the any work

        it is second man of the world which is known about the all tense(present tense,past tense and fut er tense) and done the any work with the speedily, effectively, attractively and accuracy. In the computer many kinds of the properties are available but that kind of the properties are not available in the any next type of the

electronic machine

            Computer is an electronic processing machine which accepts the data,internally process the data according to predefined instruction,produces the results throung processing and store those results for the future use.

OR

        Computer is an electronic machine which performs logical and mathematical problems at a high speed.

 

WINDOWS_FUNDAMENTALS

               Windows is a Graphical User Interface based programs.The elements of the GUI based system are : icons ,windows,dialog box,menus and other graphical elements.All these GUI controls appear in the desktop in the desktop and user can interact with them.

      Desktop

          

            The working area on the computer screen is known as desktop.Icons,menus,dialog box and menus display on the desktop.User interacts with the items that appear on the desktop to work with windows.

                        Icons and the taskbar are the permament features of the desktop and other items change depending on the type of work you are doing .Taskbar is placed at botton of desktop and it contains start button opens start menu.

 

Icons

    A small image displayed on the screen to represent and object is called icon.The objects can be file,Folder programs and storage devices.Icons allow user to control certain computer actions without having to remember commands .Icons take small size in the desktop and help to manage the desktop .Mouse is generally used to work with icons.Single  click selects the icons double click activites the icon and dragging the icon changes the positions of the icon in the desktop.

        The generally displayed icons in the desktop are: My Computer,My Documents,Internet Explorer and Recycle Bin.

Internet Explorer:-

          The Internet Explorer icon opens Internet Explorer programs.It is a web browser .And this program allows user to see the web pages i.e. browsing web site.The programs icons permanently displayed in desktop .Double click the program icon to open the programs.

       Open internet explorer program and type address of web site in the address bar and Example ://http://www.google.cmo.np

My Computer:-

         This icon is also permanent features of windows desktop.It open My Computer windows which displayed and allows user to interact with all the drives connected to computer and system folders like control panel.Dial -up - Network etc.

Recycle Bin

        This icon opens the Recycle Bin folder which stores deleted files or folders .It is useful when you have deleted the nececssary files and folders.Click the Restore All in the recycle bin to restore all the deleted files  in their original locations.

Menus:-

           A menu is a list of commands or instructions that tells your computer to performs an actions such as opening a programs or saving a document. The main menu associated with windows is the start menu.Most software programs have their own menus that your become familiar with as you use the programs.You will usually find these menus at the top of the programs windows in an area called the menu bar.In windows you use menus,cascading menus,submenus,and shortcut menus.Menu is used by mouse or by the keyboard .Mouse is used to point and select menu.Keyboard is used to specify te shortcut keys to select menus and commands .Press ESC key to deselect the menu item.

        Shorcut menus are those menus,which you open by right -clicking and object or area on the desktop or in a program windows.The commands available on a shortcut menu depend on the location of the pointer when it is clicked.For example ,the windows desktop shortcut menu allows you to create shortcuts and arrange shortcut icons as well as customize your Active Desktop.

     Keyboard shortcuts can be used to access menu.Press ALT key and underlined letters of the main menu to use commands in menu.For example :ALT +F  to select file menu .Other keyboard shortcuts associated with commands are seen in right side of command in the drop down menu.Use these shortcut for quick access to command for example : CTRL +N  to open commands new document.

Start Menu:

         This is main menu associated with windows.The following are descriptions of the commands on the default start menu:

Run:

      Opens the Run dialog box.You can type the name of a program,folder,document or Internet resource and windows opens it for you.There is also a Browse button to help you find what you want to open.

Control Pannel:

       The Control Panel opens a new windows in which we can change different windows in which we can change different setting of the computer

My Recent Document:-

      Gives quick access to the files that you have opened recently.

Search:-

      Open dialog box to find files and folders,Computers etc. 

Help and Support:

      Open Help window

All Programs

      Opens the Programs menu which contains shortcuts to the software programs on your computer or that are available on your computer network including Windows Explorer and the Windows Accessories.

Turn off:

      Opens shut down dialog bot to shut down computer.

Log off:

      Logs off the computer without shutting down your computer.

Conventions Used in Menus

       You can notice some differences in menu items of the menu when they are displayed .These visual indications describe the menu item.Some standard conventions are used in the menus to give more information about them.Some menu conventions followed are:

Windows Control Menu

     A standard windows control menu(system menu) is associated with each application program running in the windows.This menu provides the facilities to manipulate the windows .

Selecting control menu:

Using mouse:-

Click on the application icon on the left corner of the title bar.

Using keyboard:-

Use ALT+Spacebar simultaneously.

MS-WINDOWS

             Introduction:-

             Microsoft windows is a Graphical User Interface based operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation U.S.A. It is also refered as Windows or MS Windows .It allows user to enter command with a point and click device such as mouse.Commands are given by clicking icon or by using menus .Its GUI environment makes it easy to use and user friendly operating system.

           

            It was initially released during mid  1980s to replace Command -line User Interface of Dos by extending it with name Windows 3.0.Later it was released in early 1990's as Windows 95.There are several version of windows.They are Windows 3.X.Windows 95,Windows 98,Windows 2000,Windows ME and Widnows XP. Each new version comes up with some new features and advancement

           The main features of Windows are Graphical User Interface,Support to lates multimedia and communication technologies,fully web intergrated user interface,improved reliablitity and multitasking

 Advantages of Windows

1.   Windows can run more than one program at a time.
2.   Windows provides easy to use Graphical User Interface.
3.   It is easier to add new programs and to configure new hardware in Windows.
4.   File management is easy in Widows and it can support long file names.
5.  The interface of Windows based programs is similar,so it is easy to learn.
6.  Windows is a multiuser programs.
7.   It provides facilities to transfer files between the computer and excellent network support.

 Functions of Widows:-

            The functions of windows are given below:-

1.      It provides Graphical User Interface to the user to interface with the computer.
2.      It runs other Widows based programs like MS-Word,Excel.
3.      It manages the information in file and folders.
4.      It provides utility software to improve the functionality of the computer such as

                Starting and Exiting Windwos

Starting Windows:-     

        Turn on your computer.After sometime the windows operating system installed in your computer is loaded .Enter your username and password in the login screen.

         

    After your are log in a desktop is displayed to you.

Exiting Windows and shutting Down the Computer

1.      Save any documents you have been working with and then close any programs that are running .Click the start button to open the start menu.
2.  Click Log Off if you want the computer to remain on but don't want other user to have access to your personal user profile.Click Shut Down turn off or restart the computer .The Shut Down Windows dialog box opens

 

3.    Choose Stand by or Turn off or Restart and then click OK.

        If you choose stand by,the computer will appear to shut off.If you choose Turn off wait for windows to turn off the computer .If you choose Restart,Windows will exit and then automatically start again.

  Mouse and its Activities

      It windows the mouse is the fool you use most often to performs tasks and navigate through the operating system .The on screen mouse pointer is used to point the GUI elements There are five basic actions you can perform with the mouse:point click double-click right-click and drag.

      To point with the mouse,simply position the on-screen mouse pointer over GUI elements the appearance of the  mouse pointer depends on the GUI element pointed .Sometimes when you point to an object and hover over it a small box called a tool tip will appear that contains a you point to an object .When you point to some objects ,the mouse pointer changes shape alerting you to the fact that you can perform some kind of command .For example when the pointer turns into hand with a pointing finger you are pointing to a clickable item such as a hyperlink.A two - headed arrow allows you to resize an object.

Normal Windows	Diagonal Resize 1
Help Select	Diagonal Resize 2
Working in Background	Move
Busy	Alternate Select
Precision Select	Link Select(Hyperlink)
Text Select	Vertical Resize
Handwriting	Horizontal Resize
Unavailable

           Click means to press the primary (left) mouse button.Clicking an item makes it active.Double -click means pressing the left mouse button twice quickly.Double clicking executes command.Right-click means to press the secondary (right) mouse button.Right clicking displays the shortcut menu.Drag means to move the object by mouse pointer.To drag an object with the mouse pointer,point to the objects,press and hold down the left mouse button and move.When you have moved the object where you want it release the mouse button to drop the objects.