THIRD_GENERATION

 

THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1965-1974)

      The third generation computer were developed during 1965 AD to 1974 AD.They used integrated circuit (IC) as electronic circuit.IC circuit consists of a large number of electronic components placed on a single silicion chip by a photolithography process.Integrated Circuit was developed by an engineer Jack Kilby in 1958.

This new technology (IC) made the third generation computer more reliable faster,smaller,easier to operate,high capacity,less expensive than previous generation computer .Third generation computer included the use of an operating system for automatic processing and multi programming.

 

Feautures of third generation computer are:-

·        They used Integrated Circuits(IC) as electronic circuits

·        They used semiconductor device as primary storage.

·        They had large storage capacity.

·        Their operating speed was improved to nano-second.

·        They were more reliable,much smaller in size,easier to operate and less expensive than previous generation computers.

·        They included multi programming,batch and time-sharing operation system.

·        They extensively used high level programming language including Report Programming Generator(RPG) and Pascal

Some example (model) of third generation computers and their manufactures are listed below:-

Model	Manufacturd by
System 360 Series,System 370 Series	IBM
1108,9000 Series	UNIVA
200 Series,60Series	Honey  Well
GE 600 Series,GE 23	General Electronics
3000 Series,6000 Series,7000 Series	Control Data
5700,6700,7700 Series	Burroughts
PDP – 8 Series,PDP – II Series	Digital Equipment
Specira 70 Series	RCA

 

FIRST_GENERATION

 

First Generation of Computer (1946-1958)

The first generation computer,were development during 1946 to 1958.They used large number of vacuum tubes as the electronic circuit and storage media.Vaccum tube was development by Lee Deforest in 1908 AD. They were large in size,very slow in speed.They consumed a lot of power and produced a lot of heat.They used machine language for writing the programs. This made programming extremely difficult and time consuming.

EX:- ENIAC computer



.

Features of first generation computer are:-

·         They used a vacuum tube as a electronic circuit and a magnetic drum as a primary storage.

·         They were extremely large and occupied a very large space.

·         They consumed a lot of power and generated a lot of heat.

·         They used machine level language for writing the programs,which was tedious and time consuming.

·         They had low level of accurancy and reliability.

·         They were restricted to commercial and scientific application.

Drawbacks of first generation computer:-

·        It was very teidious to write programs for mathematical and logical operation.

·        Vacuum tubes get hot frequently.So,it was very difficult for their maintence

·        These computers were expensive as well.

Some example (model) of first generation computers and their manufactures are listed below:-

Model	Manufactured by
ENIC,EDVAC	Moore School or Electrical Engineering
EDSAC	Cambridge University
UNIVAC – I,UNIVAC – II	UNIVAC
Mark – II,Mark-III,IBM 604,IBM 650     IBM 720,IBM 704,IBM 705,IBM 709     IBM CRC,IBM 102A,IBM 1023	IBM
Bizmac – I, Bizmac – II